Additional Resources

Ports of Code Examples to Other Languages

• Ports from 2012 Nature of Code

Further Reading

Books

• Alexander, R. McNeill. Principles of Animal Locomotion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.
• Bentley, Peter. Evolutionary Design by Computers. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1999.
• Braitenberg, Valentino. Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. The MIT Press, 1986
• Bohnacker, Hartmut, Benedikt Gross, Julia Laub, and Claudius Lazzeroni. Generative Design: Visualize, Program, and Create with Processing. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2012.
• Eglash, Ron. African Fractals. Rutgers University Press, 1999.
• Flake, Gary William. The Computational Beauty of Nature: Computer Explorations of Fractals, Chaos, Complex Systems, and Adaptation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.
• Hale, Nathan Cabot. Abstraction in Art and Nature. New York: Dover, 1993.
• Hildebrandt, Stefan, and Anthony J. Tromba. Mathematics and Optimal Form. New York: Scientific American Library, 1985. Distributed by W. H. Freeman.
• Kline, Morris. Mathematics and the Physical World. New York: Crowell, [1959].
• Kodicek, Danny. Mathematics and Physics for Programmers. Hingham, MA: Charles River Media, 2005.
• McMahon, Thomas A., and John Tyler Bonner. On Size and Life. New York: Scientific American Library, 1983. Distributed by W. H. Freeman.
• Mandelbrot, Benoit B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1982.
• Onuoha, Mimi, and Mother Cyborg (Diana Nucera). A People's Guide to AI. Allied Media Projects, 2018.
• Pearce, Peter. Structure in Nature Is a Strategy for Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1980.
• Pearson, Matt. Generative Art. Greenwich, CT: Manning Publications, 2011. Distributed by Pearson Education.
• Prusinkiewicz, Przemysław, and Aristid Lindenmayer. The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
• Reas, Casey, and Chandler McWilliams. Form+Code in Design, Art, and Architecture. Design Briefs. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010.
• Reas, Casey, and Ben Fry. Processing: A Programming Handbook for Visual Designers and Artists. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
• Resnick, Mitchel. Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds. The MIT Press, 1997 .
• Thompson, D’Arcy Wentworth. On Growth and Form: The Complete Revised Edition. New York: Dover, 1992.
• Vogel, Steven. Life in Moving Fluids. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
• Wade, David. Li: Dynamic Form in Nature. Wooden Books. New York: Walker & Co., 2003.
• Waterman, Talbot H. Animal Navigation. New York: Scientific American Library, 1989. Distributed by W. H. Freeman.
• Whyte, Lancelot Law. Aspects of Form: A Symposium on Form in Nature and Art. Midland Books, MB 31. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.

Papers and Articles

• Case, Nicky, and Vi Hart. Parable of the Polygons. Blog post. 2014.
• Dawkins, Richard. "The Evolution of Evolvability." In Artificial Life, 20 pages. Routledge, 1989.
• Galanter, Philip. "The Problem with Evolutionary Art Is…" Paper presented at EvoCOMNET’10: The 7th European Event on the Application of Nature-inspired Techniques for Telecommunication Networks and other Parallel and Distributed Systems, April 7-9, 2010.
• Gardner, Martin. "Mathematical Games: The Fantastic Combinations of John Conway’s New Solitaire Game Life." Scientific American 229 (October 1970): 120-23.
• Jakobsen, Thomas. "Advanced Character Physics". 2001 .
• Reeves, William T. "Particle Systems—A Technique for Modeling a Class of Fuzzy Objects." ACM Transactions on Graphics 2:2 (April 1983): 91-108.
• Reynolds, Craig. "Steering Behaviors for Autonomous Characters". Paper presented at SIGGRAPH '99: The 26th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Los Angeles, CA, August 8-13, 1999 .
• Sims, Karl. "Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics." Paper presented at SIGGRAPH '91: The 18th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Las Vegas, NV, July 28-August 2, 1991.
• --. "Evolving Virtual Creatures." Paper presented at SIGGRAPH '94: The 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Orlando, FL, July 24-29, 1994.
• --. "Particle Animation and Rendering Using Data Parallel Computation." Paper presented at SIGGRAPH '90: The 17th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Dallas, TX, August 6-10, 1990.
• Sirintronsopon, Wipasinee, Tanaorn Bamroongshawgasame, and Art Gorka. "Fractals in Thai Cultural Designs." Kamnoetvidya Science Academy and Erskine College.
• Tang, Y., Nguyen, D., & Ha, D. "Neuroevolution of Self-Interpretable Agents." Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, 414-424.